Animal feeder apparatus

ABSTRACT

An animal feeder apparatus including a feed hopper defining an interior for receiving a quantity of feed, an upper opening and a lower feed discharge opening. A feed shelf may be located below the feed hopper and have an upper feed support surface with at least a portion of the upper feed support surface being located directly below the feed discharge opening of the feed hopper. A feed trough may be located toward the bottom of the apparatus below the feed hopper and below the feed shelf, and form a lower feed support surface upon which feed falling from the hopper and shelf rests. A feed shelf movement assembly may be configured to permit a feeding animal to move the feed shelf from a location adjacent to the lower feed support surface of the feed trough.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Non-provisionalpatent application Ser. No. 15/889,351 filed Feb. 6, 2018, which ishereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND Field

The present disclosure relates to livestock feeders and moreparticularly pertains to a new animal feeder apparatus for effectivelyproviding feed to animals during multiple life stages while minimizingdifficulties associated with the operation of the apparatus.

Description of the Prior Art

A variety of feeder configurations have been used by hog producers. Manyof these feeders are designed to accommodate the animals from the weanstage to the finish stage of the production cycle.

One feeder configuration, known as a tray feeder, includes a feedingtray located between an upper hopper and a lower trough. Oneillustrative example of a tray feeder is shown in U.S. Pat. No.4,660,508 issued Apr. 28, 1987 to Kleinsasser. The feeding tray isvertically movable to adjust its proximity to the bottom opening of theupper hopper to regulate the amount of feed that passes from the hopperinto the lower trough, thereby ensuring proper feed flow and reducingfeed wastage. The lower trough below the adjustable tray catches anyexcess feed spilled from the tray. Feeding hogs primarily eat from thefeeding tray and use their snouts to push the tray in a (single) lateraldirection away from the hog to cause the feed to pass from the upperhopper downward onto the feeding tray.

Another common type of hog feeder, known as a paddle feeder, has anupper hopper and a lower trough, and lacks the feeding tray of the trayfeeder. An illustrative example of a tray feeder is shown in U.S. Pat.No. 5,921,200 issued Jul. 13, 1999 to Bondarenko et al. The flow of feedis regulated by a combination of components including a gate that isadjustable to control the size of a gate opening and thereby control theflow of feed from the hopper, a plurality of pivoting levers, and aplurality of pivoting sweepers to encourage feed flow out of the hopper.The adjustable gate is used to limit the maximum amount of feed that canpass from the upper hopper to the lower trough. The movement of feed outof the hopper is encouraged by the movement of the sweepers located inthe upper hopper, and movement of the sweepers is caused by the leverslocated in the trough and connected to the sweepers. The hogs use theirsnouts to move the levers in a (single) sideways direction which in turncauses the sweepers in the hopper to rotate to encourage feed to passthrough the gate opening and down into the lower trough.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to an animal feederapparatus having a top, a bottom, opposite ends, and opposite sides. Theapparatus may be elongated in a longitudinal direction between theopposite ends and have a lateral direction between the opposite sides.The animal feeder apparatus may comprise a feed hopper defining aninterior for receiving a quantity of feed, with the feed hopper havingan upper opening and a lower feed discharge opening. The apparatus mayalso include a feed shelf located below the feed hopper, with the feedshelf having an upper feed support surface with at least a portion ofthe upper feed support surface being located directly below the feeddischarge opening of the feed hopper. The apparatus may further includea feed trough located toward the bottom of the apparatus below the feedhopper and below the feed shelf, with the feed trough forming a lowerfeed support surface upon which feed falling from the hopper and shelfrests. The apparatus may also have a feed shelf movement assemblyconfigured to permit a feeding animal to move the feed shelf from alocation adjacent to the lower feed support surface of the feed trough.

In another aspect, the disclosure relates to an animal feeder apparatushaving a top, a bottom, opposite ends, and opposite sides, the apparatusbeing elongated in a longitudinal direction between the opposite endsand having a lateral direction between the opposite sides. The animalfeeder apparatus may comprise a feed hopper defining an interior forreceiving a quantity of feed, with the feed hopper having an upperopening and a lower feed discharge opening. The apparatus may alsoinclude a feed shelf located below the feed hopper and having an upperfeed support surface with at least a portion of the upper feed supportsurface being located directly below the feed discharge opening of thefeed hopper. The feed shelf may be movable with respect to the feedhopper in the longitudinal direction of the feeder apparatus and thelateral direction of the feeder apparatus. The apparatus may alsoinclude a feed trough located toward the bottom of the apparatus belowthe feed hopper and below the feed shelf, with the feed trough forming alower feed support surface upon which feed falling from the hopper andshelf rests. The apparatus may further include a feed shelf movementassembly configured to permit a feeding animal to move the feed shelffrom a location adjacent to the lower feed support surface of the feedtrough. The feed shelf movement assembly is actuatable by the feedinganimal while consuming feed from the lower feed support surface of thefeed trough to move the feed shelf in the longitudinal direction of thefeeder apparatus without requiring a feeding animal to directly contactthe feed shelf.

There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, some of the more importantelements of the disclosure in order that the detailed descriptionthereof that follows may be better understood, and in order that thepresent contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There areadditional elements of the disclosure that will be described hereinafterand which will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto.

In this respect, before explaining at least one embodiment orimplementation in greater detail, it is to be understood that the scopeof the disclosure is not limited in its application to the details ofconstruction and to the arrangements of the components set forth in thefollowing description or illustrated in the drawings. The disclosure iscapable of other embodiments and implementations and is thus capable ofbeing practiced and carried out in various ways. Also, it is to beunderstood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are forthe purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.

As such, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception,upon which this disclosure is based, may readily be utilized as a basisfor the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carryingout the several purposes of the present disclosure. It is important,therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalentconstructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope ofthe present disclosure.

The advantages of the various embodiments of the present disclosure,along with the various features of novelty that characterize thedisclosure, are disclosed in the following descriptive matter andaccompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The disclosure will be better understood and when consideration is givento the drawings and the detailed description which follows. Suchdescription makes reference to the annexed drawings wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a new animal feeder apparatusaccording to the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the apparatus with portions,including one of the hopper walls, removed to reveal detail of theapparatus, according to an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the apparatus taken along line3-3 of FIG. 2, according to an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of elements of the apparatusincluding the feed trough, the feed shelf, and the feed shelf movingassembly, according to an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective sectional view of the elements of theapparatus shown in FIG. 4 taken along line 5-5 of FIG. 4, according toan illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of elements of the apparatusincluding the feed shelf movement assembly and feed sweeper assembly,according to an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view of elements of the apparatusincluding the feed shelf and the feed sweeper assembly, according to anillustrative embodiment.

FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the feed shelf of theapparatus, according to an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 9 is a schematic exploded perspective view of elements of the feedsweeper assembly, according to an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of an animalfeeder apparatus according to the present disclosure with optionalfeatures.

FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view of the apparatus of FIG. 10 withportions, including one of the hopper walls, removed to reveal detail ofthe apparatus, according to an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a schematic sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 10 takenalong line 12-12 of FIG. 11, according to an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view of elements of the apparatus ofFIG. 10 including the feed shelf and the feed sweeper assembly,according to an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 14 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of an animalfeeder apparatus according to the present disclosure with optionalfeatures.

FIG. 15 is a schematic perspective view of the apparatus of FIG. 10 withportions, including one of the hopper walls, removed to reveal detail ofthe apparatus, according to an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 16 is a schematic sectional view of the apparatus of FIG. 14,according to an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 17 is a schematic perspective view of elements of the apparatus ofFIG. 14 including the feed shelf and a plurality of the feed sweeperassemblies, according to an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 18 is a schematic perspective view of elements of the apparatus ofFIG. 14 including the feed shelf and one of the feed sweeper assemblies,according to an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a schematic exploded perspective view of elements of theapparatus of FIG. 14 including the feed shelf and one of the feedsweeper assemblies, according to an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 20 is a schematic perspective view of a feed shelf of the apparatusof FIG. 14, according to an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 21 is a schematic perspective view of elements of the apparatus ofFIG. 14 including a feed shelf and a sweeper plate of a feed sweeperassembly, according to an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 22 is a schematic perspective sectional view of elements of theapparatus of FIG. 14 including the feed shelf and a plurality of thefeed sweeper assemblies, according to an illustrative embodiment.

FIG. 23 is a schematic side sectional view of a portion of the apparatusof FIG. 14 showing portions of the hopper, the feed shelf and one of thefeed sweeper assemblies, according to an illustrative embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

With reference now to the drawings, and in particular to FIGS. 1 through23 thereof, a new animal feeder apparatus embodying the principles andconcepts of the disclosed subject matter will be described.

The applicants have recognized that the known types of feeders havedisadvantages that affect the optimal performance of the feeders.

In the case of the tray feeder, the height of the feeding tray above thelower trough often makes it difficult for smaller, newly weaned pigs toreach the feed tray and the feed located thereon. As a result, smallerpigs are only able to reach any feed that falls from the primary feedinglocation on the feed tray to the lower trough and are unable to push onthe feed tray to dispense more feed from the hopper. This is especiallyproblematic when a number of animals are simultaneously competing forfeed space at the feeder. Even though some feed does fall onto the lowertrough, it is often an insufficient amount to satisfy the feedingrequirements of the animals.

Another drawback associated with tray feeders is the clogging of theflow of feed from the upper hopper to the feed tray when the feedbecomes packed or agglomerates between the tray and the hopper due tomoisture accumulating on the tray edges while the animals are feeding.This condition impacts the ability of feed to flow from the hopper tothe tray, thereby causing an insufficient amount of feed to be availableto the animals.

Yet another drawback for the tray feeder arises when the consistency ofthe feed rations for the animals is changed, such as when changedbetween fine and coarse consistencies. In such situations, the gapbetween the upper hopper and feeding tray needs to be regularlymonitored and adjusted to ensure that adequate feed flow is occurring.For example, a fine feed consistency to feed younger hogs requires lesstray gap, while a coarser feed blend for older hogs needs a greater traygap. However, a feed gap that is too narrow for the feed being dispensedwill cause the feeder to clog and inhibit the flow of feed, and a feedgap that is too wide will allow too much feed to pass onto the tray andresult in feed being wasted.

Still another drawback is that the feed flow from a tray feeder can onlybe prompted by the hog through movement of the feed tray in a single(lateral) direction away from the feeding hog, which limits the abilityof the animal to cause additional fee to be dispensed from the hopper.

In the case of the paddle feeder, there are also a number ofdisadvantages for the animals and the hog producer. For example, duringthe initial filling of the hopper when the paddle feeder is empty, thefeed tends to run past the sweeper and fill the lower trough before theupper hopper becomes full, thus causing feed wastage.

Further, any type of agglomerations of feed, or even coarser feed, mayplug the gate and not permit feed to flow out of the hopper. Unlike thetray feeder, the feed held by a paddle feeder is not readily visible toan observer without looking directly into the upper hopper. This oftencauses the hog producer to spend more time inspecting the feeder toensure that sufficient feed is available to the animals. In the eventthat the feeder is clogged, the inability to see the feed at the bottomof the hopper prevents the operator from easily identifying what iscausing the feed flow stoppage. This inability often prompts the hogproducer to dig around inside the upper hopper to try to identify whatis causing the feeder to plug.

Similar to the tray feeder, the paddle feeder is also subject toproblems caused by the feed consistency. Even relatively minor changesin the consistency of the feed ration dictates the need to regularlymonitor and adjust the feeder to ensure that adequate feed flow ispresent.

The applicants have recognized that there is a need for a feederapparatus that addresses the problems identified above for the animaland the producer. The applicants have thus developed a feeding apparatusthat minimizes feed related issues regarding animal accessibility, feedavailability, and feed visibility concerns associated with traditionaltray and paddle type hog feeders. The apparatus may reduce feedblockage, feed packing and feed waste issues associated with thetraditional tray and paddle type hog feeders. The apparatus of thedisclosure may utilize improvements in feed agitation methods thatpromote consistent feed flow from the upper hopper to the feeding trayas well as the lower trough.

The feed apparatus may include a secondary means of feed agitation thatagitates the feed in multiple directions to facilitate movement of thefeed off of the feed tray, discourage feed from packing onto the edgesof the feeding tray, and reduce plugging or feed wastage as animprovement over conventional hog feeders.

The applicants have recognized the advantages of and have developed afeeder apparatus that facilitates feeding from the feed trough byyounger or smaller pigs by providing mechanisms for encouraging thedispensing of feed from the feed hopper and the feed shelf that areaccessible at the feed trough by smaller pigs, as well as providing thefeed shelf from which more mature and larger pigs may also feed. Theapplicants have also recognized the advantages of and have developed afeeder apparatus that facilitates the dispensing of feed by providingmechanisms for causing the movement of feed resting on the feed shelf todiscourage accumulations and help break up agglomerations of feed at thefeed shelf or alleviate other feed flow problems caused by changes inthe consistency of the feed rations. The feed apparatus developed by theapplicants provides the hog producer with enhanced visibility of thedispensing feed on the feed shelf to spot feed flow problems if theyshould develop.

In one aspect, the disclosure relates to an animal feeder apparatus 10which may be elongated with opposite ends 12, 13 as well as oppositesides 14, 15 which generally extend between the ends 12, 13. Theelongated apparatus 10 may have a longitudinal direction between theopposite ends 12, 13, and may have in a lateral direction between theopposite sides 14, 15 which is oriented substantially perpendicular tothe longitudinal direction. At least one of the sides 14, 15 may beconfigured for an animal to obtain feed, and in most embodiments both ofthe sides are configured for animals to obtain feed. The feederapparatus 10 may also have a top 16, and a bottom 17 for resting upon afloor or ground surface.

In greater detail, the animal feeder apparatus 10 may include a feedhopper 20 which defines an interior 22 for receiving a quantity of feedto be provided to the feeding animal. The feed hopper 20 may beelongated between the ends 12, 13 of the apparatus, and may have anupper opening 24 into which a supply of feed may be introduced into theinterior 22. The feed hopper 20 may also have a feed discharge opening26 through which feed contained in the interior 22 of the hopper exitsthe hopper to be provided to the feeding animal. The feed dischargeopening 26 may be elongated to extend between the ends 12, 13 of theapparatus, and may be located generally below the upper opening 24.

The feed hopper 20 may be formed by a pair of hopper walls 28, 29 whichgenerally extend from the top 16 of the apparatus toward the bottom 17of the apparatus. The walls 28, 29 may generally converge toward eachother toward the bottom of the apparatus and diverge away from eachother toward the top 16. In some embodiments, each of the hopper walls28, 29 may have a neck portion 30 which forms a necked section of theinterior 22 of the feed hopper. The neck portions 30 of the hopper wallsmay be oriented substantially parallel to each other, and the feeddischarge opening 26 may be located at the bottom of the necked section.The feed hopper 20 may also include a pair of end walls 32, 33positioned toward the respective ends 12, 13 of the apparatus 10. Theend walls 32, 33 may extend between the hopper walls 28, 29 to definethe interior 22 of the feed hopper with the walls 28, 29. The end walls32, 33 may be oriented substantially parallel to each other and may alsobe oriented substantially vertically with respect to the floor on whichthe apparatus 10 rests.

In some embodiments, the feed hopper 20 may also include a pair ofdiverter walls 34 (see, for example, FIGS. 15, 16 and 23) with eachdiverter wall being located towards a respective end wall 32, 33 of thefeed hopper so that the diverter walls are positioned in substantialopposition to each other. The diverter walls 34 may further bepositioned in the neck portion 30 of the hopper, and each diverter wallmay form an end of the feed discharge opening 26. Significantly, each ofthe diverter walls 34 may extend upwardly from the feed dischargeopening 26 and outwardly from the toward the respective end wall 32, 33of the hopper to slightly narrow the neck portion 30 of the hoppertoward the feed discharge opening and guide the flow of feed in thehopper away from the ends of the hopper when the feed ultimately exitsthe hopper interior 22 through the feed discharge opening 26. Further,in some embodiments, end sections of the neck portion 30 of each hopperwall 20, 29 may be removed or omitted from the respective hopper wall toform a dog-eared edge 35 of the respective hopper wall that extendsdownwardly and inwardly from the end wall 32, 33 of the hopper to thefeed discharge opening 26. The dog-eared edge 35 may be aligned with thediverter wall 34 adjacent to the edge 35, although in other embodimentsthese features may not exactly correspond. The dog-eared edge 35 mayprovide clearance for the presence and movement of the end skirt 120,122 described elsewhere in this disclosure.

The feeder apparatus 10 may also include a feed shelf 36 which islocated below the feed hopper 20, and more specifically the feeddischarge opening 26 of the hopper. The feed shelf 36 may be elongatedin the longitudinal direction of the apparatus and have opposite ends38, 39 located proximate to the respective ends 12, 13 of the apparatus10. The feed shelf 36 may be movable with respect to the feed hopper ina substantially lateral direction of the apparatus such that the shelfmoves toward and away from the opposite sides 14, 15 of the apparatus.Advantageously, the feed shelf 36 may also be movable with respect tothe feed hopper in a substantially longitudinal direction of theapparatus such that the shelf moves toward and away from the oppositeends 12, 13 of the apparatus. The feed shelf 36 is thus capable ofmovement in both lateral and longitudinal directions of the apparatus10.

The feed shelf may have an upper feed support surface 40, and at least aportion of the upper feed support surface may be located directly belowthe feed discharge opening 26 of the feed hopper. The spacing of theupper feed support surface 40 and the feed discharge opening 26 of thefeed hopper may be adjustable to adjust a rate at which feed isdispensed through the feed discharge opening 26 from the feed hopper 20to the upper feed support surface of the feed shelf. Suitable mechanismsfor accomplishing adjustment of the spacing are known in the art.

The feed shelf 36 may have a central portion 44 which forms at least aportion of the upper feed support surface 40 and may extendlongitudinally between the ends 38, 39 of the feed shelf. The centralportion may have lateral sides 46, 47 located on either lateral side ofthe central portion. The upper feed support surface 40 on the centralportion may be substantially planar between the lateral sides 46, 47,while lateral side sections 48, 49 of the central portion located alongthe lateral sides of the central portion may form a raised lip.

At least one passage slot 50 may be formed in the central portion 44 ofthe feed shelf, and in some embodiments a plurality of at least two ofthe slots 50 may be located in the central portion. The passage slot 50may generally extend in the longitudinal direction of the apparatus 10,and plural slots 50 may be arranged in a longitudinal array.Illustratively, the passage slot 50 may have a center section 52 and apair of end sections 54, 55 which extend in substantially oppositedirections from the center section 52 such that the center section ispositioned between the end sections. The width of the center section 52may be relatively wider in the lateral direction of the apparatus thanthe width of the end sections (also in the lateral direction) so thatthe center section is wider than the end sections.

The feed shelf 36 may also include a pair of flange portions 56, 57which extend downwardly from the central portion 44. Each of the flangeportions may be located toward one of the lateral sides 46, 47 of thecentral portion, and may extend generally perpendicular to the plane ofthe upper feed support surface 40. Advantageously, the presence of theflange portions on the shelf 36 may discourage the feeding animal fromattempting to bite onto the side of the feed shelf 36. The feed shelfmay also include a pair of skirt portions 58, 59 which also extendgenerally downwardly from the central portion 44. The skirt portions 58,59 may be positioned between the flange portions 56, 57, and the skirtportions may be laterally spaced from each other. The skirt portions mayprovide increased longitudinal rigidity to the tray and reduce flexingwhen feed accumulates on the feeding tray assembly. Optionally, only oneskirt portion may be utilized on the feed shelf (see, e.g., FIGS. 16 and17).

In some embodiments, the feed shelf 36 may also include a pair of endskirt portions 120, 122 positioned at the opposite ends 38, 39 of thefeed shelf. Each of the end skirt portions 120. 122 may extend upwardlyvertically beyond the upper feed support surface 40 of the feed shelf toprotrude above the surface 40 and thereby resist movement of the feedparticles resting on the surface 40 off of the surface. Each end skirtportion may also extend downwardly with respect to the upper feedsupport surface 40 adjacent to the flange portions 56, 57. Although suchdownward extension of the end skirt portions is not utilized in allembodiments, the downwardly extending end skirt portions may effectivelyform a perimeter wall for the feed shelf with the flange portions 56, 57that may beneficially enhance the rigidity of the shelf 36 against, forexample, twisting or warping.

The apparatus 10 may also include a feed shelf adjustment assembly 124that is configured to adjust a position of the feed shelf in a verticaldirection, and may adjust a proximity of the upper feed support surface40 on the feed shelf to the feed discharge opening 26 of the feed hopperto facilitate adjustment of the rate at which feed is dispensed from thefeed hopper to the feed shelf. The feed shelf adjustment assembly 124may be positioned in the interior 22 of the hopper, although portionsmay also be situated outside of the hopper interior. A pair of the feedadjustment assemblies may be utilized with each assembly being locatedat an end of the feeder apparatus 10 and positioned adjacent to one ofthe end walls 32, 33 of the feed hopper to adjust one of the ends of thefeed shelf.

Each of the feed shelf adjustment assemblies 124 may include a feedshelf support arm 126 that extends upwardly from the feed shelf 36 andmay be positioned adjacent to one of the end walls 32, 33 of the hopperto engage the feed shelf toward a respective end of the shelf. In someembodiments, the feed shelf support arm 126 may extend through anaperture 128 that is formed in the feed shelf and that may be located inthe central portion 44 of the feed shelf toward the end 38, 39 of thefeed shelf. Optionally, an arm mounting plate (not shown) may besuitably attached to (e.g., welded on) the bottom of the feed shelf tofacilitate connection of a portion of the feed shelf support arm 126 tothe central portion of the feed shelf. The adjustment assemblies mayalso include a feed shelf adjustment device 130 having the feed shelfsupport arm depending or extending downwardly therefrom, and each feedshelf adjustment device may be mounted on one of the end walls of thehopper. Suitable adjustment devices are known in the art.

The apparatus 10 may also include a feed trough 60 which is locatedtoward the bottom 17 of the apparatus and is located below the feedhopper 20, as well as the feed shelf 36. The feed trough may have anupper surface which forms a lower feed support surface 62 upon whichfeed rests for being eaten by the feeding animal, and may be orientedsubstantially horizontally to facilitate the positioning of the feed onthe surface 62. The feed trough 60 may be elongated in the longitudinaldirection of the apparatus 10 between the ends 12, 13 of the apparatus.Illustratively, the feed trough may be positioned approximately 8 toapproximately 10 inches below the feed hopper.

Optionally, a fluid supply pipe 68 may be provided on the apparatus 10for providing drinking water to the feeding animal. The supply pipe 68may have a first portion 70 which is positioned above the lower feedsupport surface 62 of the feed trough, and may also be positioned belowthe feed discharge opening 26 of the hopper in an orientationsubstantially parallel to the opening 26 but also vertically spacedabove the lower feed support surface 62. The fluid supply pipe 68 mayalso have a second portion 71 which extends generally upwardly from thefirst portion 70 and may be positioned adjacent to one of the end walls32, 33 of the feed hopper.

The apparatus 10 may also include a feed shelf movement assembly 74which is configured to permit a feeding animal to move the feed shelf 36to dispense further feed from the hopper. The feed shelf movementassembly 74 may be configured to permit movement of the feed shelfwithout requiring the feeding animal to directly contact the feed shelf36 to cause such movement, and may be actuatable by the feeding animalwhile the animal is consuming feed from the lower feed support surface62 of the trough 60. The feed shelf movement assembly 74 may beparticularly configured to cause movement of the feed shelf in thelongitudinal direction of the apparatus while permitting, and optionallycausing, movement of the feed shelf in the lateral direction, andthereby may provide two directions of movement for the shelf.

The feed shelf movement assembly 74 may include at least one actuator 76which is movable with respect to the elements of the apparatus 10,including the feed hopper and the feed trough. The actuator 76 may bemovable in the longitudinal direction of the apparatus 10, and may alsobe movable in the lateral direction of the apparatus, to causecorresponding movement of the feed shelf 36 in the longitudinal andlateral directions. The actuator 76 may be mounted on the feed hopper20, and may be mounted to the neck portion 30 of at least one of thehopper walls, and in some embodiments both of the hopper walls. Theextension of the actuator 76 into the neck of the hopper may function toencourage feed flow out of the hopper interior when the actuator ismoved and may also serve to break up agglomerations of feed in thelowermost portions of the interior at the neck where clogging may occur.The actuator 76 may be pivotable with respect to the hopper and thehopper walls. In some embodiments, a plurality of the actuators 76 maybe utilized on the apparatus and each may be pivotally mounted on thefeed hopper. The pivot movement of the actuator or actuators may be in asubstantially vertical plane which extends in the longitudinal directionof the apparatus 10.

The actuator 76 may extend through the passage slot 50 in the feedshelf, and may be positioned in the center section 52 of the slot 50.The actuator 76 may have a width that permits positioning of theactuator in the center section but does not permit movement of theactuator into the end sections 54, 55 of the slot 50. The actuator 76may have an upper end 78 and a lower end 79, and the upper end 78 may bepositioned above the feed shelf 36 and the lower end 79 may bepositioned below the feed shelf. The lower end 79 of the actuator may bepositioned above and adjacent to the lower feed support surface 62 ofthe feed trough in a manner permitting access to the actuator by thenose or snout of the animal feeding from the surface 62. The actuator 76may have an upper end portion 80 which may be located adjacent to theupper end 78 of the actuator and may be located above the feed shelf.The actuator 76 may also include a lower end portion 81 which is locatedadjacent to the lower end 79 and may be located below the feed shelf.The lower end portion 81 may be bifurcated such that a section 82 of thelower end portion extends on each lateral side of the fluid supply pipe68.

The upper end 78 may be pivotally mounted on the hopper 20 by a pivotshaft 83 extending between the hopper walls 28, 29, and in particularbetween the neck portions 30 of the walls 28, 29. In some embodiments,the actuator 76 may include a sleeve which receives and pivots on thepivot shaft 83 (see, e.g., FIGS. 15, 16 and 18). In other embodiments,the pivot shaft 83 may pass through a hole 85 formed in the upper end 78of the actuator (see, e.g., FIGS. 18 and 19) which may permit pivotmovement of the actuator on the pivot shaft 83 in the longitudinaldirection of the apparatus 10, but may also permit a degree of lateralmovement of the actuator in the lateral direction of the apparatus 10.Greater tolerances between the size of the pivot shaft and the size ofthe holes in the actuator may permit a greater degree of lateralmovement.

The feed shelf movement assembly 74 may also include an actuatorengagement element 84 mounted on the feed shelf 36. The actuatorengagement element 84 may be contacted by the actuator 74 duringmovement of the actuator such that movement of the actuator in at leastthe longitudinal direction may be limited by the element 84. Theengagement element 84 may be positioned below the feed shelf and mayextend downwardly f with respect to the feed shelf. In some embodiments,the actuator engagement element may include a pair of engagement fingers86, 87 which may define a gap 88 between the fingers with a section ofthe actuator 76 being positioned in the gap. The section of the actuatorpositioned in the gap may be a section of the lower end portion 81 ofthe actuator. The width of the gap 88 in the longitudinal direction ofthe apparatus 10 may be greater than the width of the section of thelower end portion of the actuator positioned within the gap so that thedegree of movement by the actuator may be limited by the engagementfingers on the feed shelf. In some embodiments, the function of theengagement element may be performed by a portion of the skirt portion 58of the feed shelf. Illustratively, a skirt portion extension 89 (see,e.g., FIGS. 19 and 22) may extend laterally, and may be substantiallyhorizontally oriented, to form the gap 88 which receives a portion ofthe actuator so that pivot movement of the actuator 76 contacts theactuator with the edges of the skirt portion extension 89. An actuatorretainer 91 may extend across the gap 88 to retain the portion of theactuator extending through the gap in the gap.

The feed shelf movement assembly 74 may also include an actuatorextension 90 which is mounted on the actuator so as to move with theactuator. The actuator extension 90 may be configured to provide arelatively larger surface adjacent to the lower feed support surface ofthe feed trough for the feeding animal to engage the actuator. Theactuator extension 90 may be mounted on the lower end portion 81 of theactuator, and may extend laterally outwardly from the actuator toward atleast one of the opposite sides of the apparatus. In some embodiments,the actuator extension 90 may rest upon the lower feed support surface62 of the feed trough.

The apparatus 10 may also include a feed sweeper assembly 94 which isconfigured to move feed positioned on the upper feed support surface 40of the feed shelf to encourage movement of the feed from the feed hopperand also break up accumulations or agglomerations of feed locatedadjacent to the upper feed support surface. The feed sweeper assembly 94may be moved by elements of the feed shelf movement assembly 74, and maymove as a result of an animal actuating the actuator 76 of the movementassembly 74.

The feed sweeper assembly 94 may include a sweeper plate 96 which restsupon the feed shelf 36, may be slidable on the upper feed supportsurface 40 of the shelf. In some embodiments, the sweeper plate 96 mayinclude a pair of sweeper plate portions 98, 99 which may be attachedtogether (see, e.g., FIGS. 4 through 7 and 9), while in otherembodiments the sweeper plate is formed from a single part or piece ofmaterial (see, e.g., FIGS. 17 through 19). A portion of the actuator 76of the feed shelf movement assembly may extend through a sweeper slot100 formed in the sweeper plate 96. The sweeper slot may be configuredsuch that movement of the actuator 76 is transferred to the sweeperplate 96. A portion of the actuator 76 may be positioned between thepair of sweeper plate portions 98, 99 for bifurcated sweeper plates. Insome embodiments, the sweeper plate may have a lateral outer edge 102which extends generally in the longitudinal direction of the apparatus,and the outer edge 102 may have a zigzag configuration which mayapproximate the shape of a sine wave to facilitate the engagement anddislodgement of feed on the upper feed support surface. In embodimentsemploying the pair of sweeper plate portions, each of the plate portionsmay have one of the lateral outer edges.

Each of the sweeper plate portions 98, 99 may include a base section 104which is positioned adjacent to the upper feed support surface of thefeed shelf, and at least one connector section 106 which extendsgenerally upwardly from the base section 104. The connector section 106of one of the sweeper plate portions may be positioned adjacent to theconnector section of the other one of the sweeper plate portions so thatthe connector sections are fastenable together. Connecting or fasteningtogether of the connector sections may trap the section of the actuator76 between the plate portions 98, 99 in the sweeper slot 100, and as aresult the sweeper plate 96 is moved by movement of the actuator 76. Insome embodiments, the sweeper slot 100 is configured such that thesection of the actuator 76 fits relatively snugly within the sweeperslot in virtually all movement of the actuator in the longitudinaldirection is communicated to the sweeper plate.

The feed sweeper assembly 94 may also include means for maintaining thesweeper plate 96 on or adjacent to the upper feed support surface 40 onthe feed shelf and resist, for example, movement of the sweeper plateupwardly away from the feed shelf. In some embodiments, such as is shownin FIG. 9, the feed sweeper assembly 94 may include a sweeper platekeeper 108 which is configured to maintain a sweeper plate 96 in anadjacent relationship to the upper feed support surface. The sweeperplate keeper 108 may be mounted to the sweeper plate, and a firstportion 110 of the sweeper plate keeper may be positioned between thesweeper plate portions 98, 99 and more specifically may be positionedbetween the connector sections 106 of the sweeper plate portions. Insome embodiments, fasteners which fasten the connector sections 106 ofthe plate portions 98, 99 together may also pass through the firstportion 110 of the plate keeper as well. A second portion 112 of thesweeper plate keeper 108 may extend through the passage slot 50, such asthrough one of the end sections 54, 55 of the slot 50. A third portion114 of the sweeper plate keeper 108 may extend from the second portion112 in a direction that is substantially parallel to a plane of thecentral portion 44 of the feed shelf 36 at a position below the centralportion. A pair of the sweeper plate keepers 108 may be employed tomaintain the sweeper plate in the adjacent relationship to the upperfeed support surface, and each of the sweeper plate keepers may bepositioned between the sweeper plate portions of the sweeper plate. Thethird portions of the respective sweeper plate keepers may extend insubstantially opposite directions with respect to each other to providean enhanced level of resistance to lifting of the sweeper plate from theupper feed support surface.

In other embodiments, such as shown in FIGS. 19 and 22, means formaintaining the sweeper plate on or adjacent to the upper feed supportsurface may include one or more fastener structures 116 which extendsthrough holes in the sweeper plate 96 and the passage slot 50 in thecentral portion 44 of the feed shelf. In some embodiments, a pair of thefastener structures 116 may be positioned on opposite sides of thesweeper slot 100 in the sweeper plate, such that the fastener structures116 and the actuator 76 extend through the passage slot 50 in the shelf.Illustratively, the fastener structure 116 may comprise an assembly of abolt and a nut, and may further include washers on the bolt and suitablypositioned above and/or below the feed shelf to facilitate relativelyfree movement of the sweeper plate with respect to the shelf within thelimits provided by the passage slot 50.

It should be appreciated that in the foregoing description and appendedclaims, that the terms “substantially” and “approximately,” when used tomodify another term, mean “for the most part” or “being largely but notwholly or completely that which is specified” by the modified term.

It should also be appreciated from the foregoing description that,except when mutually exclusive, the features of the various embodimentsdescribed herein may be combined with features of other embodiments asdesired while remaining within the intended scope of the disclosure.

In this document, the terms “a” or “an” are used, as is common in patentdocuments, to include one or more than one, independent of any otherinstances or usages of “at least one” or “one or more.” In thisdocument, the term “or” is used to refer to a nonexclusive or, such that“A or B” includes “A but not B,” “B but not A,” and “A and B,” unlessotherwise indicated.

With respect to the above description then, it is to be realized thatthe optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the disclosedembodiments and implementations, to include variations in size,materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly anduse, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the artin light of the foregoing disclosure, and all equivalent relationshipsto those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specificationare intended to be encompassed by the present disclosure.

Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of theprinciples of the disclosure. Further, since numerous modifications andchanges will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is notdesired to limit the disclosed subject matter to the exact constructionand operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitablemodifications and equivalents may be resorted to that fall within thescope of the claims.

We claim:
 1. An animal feeder apparatus having a top, a bottom, oppositeends, and opposite sides, the apparatus being elongated in alongitudinal direction between the opposite ends and having a lateraldirection between the opposite sides, the animal feeder apparatuscomprising: a feed hopper defining an interior for receiving a quantityof feed, the feed hopper having an upper opening and a lower feeddischarge opening; a feed shelf located below the feed hopper, the feedshelf having an upper feed support surface with at least a portion ofthe upper feed support surface being located directly below the feeddischarge opening of the feed hopper; a feed trough located toward thebottom of the apparatus below the feed hopper and below the feed shelf,the feed trough forming a lower feed support surface upon which feedfalling from the hopper and shelf rests; and a feed shelf movementassembly configured to permit a feeding animal to move the feed shelffrom a location adjacent to the lower feed support surface of the feedtrough.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the feed shelf movementassembly is configured to move the feed shelf in the longitudinaldirection of the feeder apparatus.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1 whereinthe feed shelf is movable with respect to the feed hopper in thesubstantially longitudinal direction of the feeder apparatus.
 4. Theapparatus of claim 3 wherein the feed shelf is movable with respect tothe feed hopper in the lateral direction of the feeder apparatus.
 5. Theapparatus of claim 1 wherein the feed shelf movement assembly isconfigured to permit movement of the feed shelf without requiring afeeding animal to directly contact the feed shelf.
 6. The apparatus ofclaim 1 wherein the feed shelf movement assembly is actuatable by thefeeding animal while consuming feed from the lower feed support surfaceof the feed trough.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the feed shelfmovement assembly comprises at least one actuator movable with respectto the feed trough, the actuator extending through the feed shelf. 8.The apparatus of claim 7 wherein the actuator is movably mounted on thefeed hopper.
 9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the actuator ispivotally mounted on the hopper.
 10. The apparatus of claim 1 whereinthe feed hopper additionally comprises a pair of hopper walls, a pair ofend walls extending between the hopper walls to define the interior ofthe feed hopper with the hopper walls, and a pair of diverter walls eachpositioned towards a respective end wall of the feed hopper, each of thediverter walls forming an end of the feed discharge opening andextending upwardly outwardly from the feed discharge opening toward arespective said end wall of the hopper to effectively narrow a neckportion of the hopper toward the feed discharge opening.
 11. An animalfeeder apparatus having a top, a bottom, opposite ends, and oppositesides, the apparatus being elongated in a longitudinal direction betweenthe opposite ends and having a lateral direction between the oppositesides, the animal feeder apparatus comprising: a feed hopper defining aninterior for receiving a quantity of feed, the feed hopper having anupper opening and a lower feed discharge opening; a feed shelf locatedbelow the feed hopper, the feed shelf having an upper feed supportsurface with at least a portion of the upper feed support surface beinglocated directly below the feed discharge opening of the feed hopper,the feed shelf being movable with respect to the feed hopper in thelongitudinal direction of the feeder apparatus and the lateral directionof the feeder apparatus; a feed trough located toward the bottom of theapparatus below the feed hopper and below the feed shelf, the feedtrough forming a lower feed support surface upon which feed falling fromthe hopper and shelf rests; a feed shelf movement assembly configured topermit a feeding animal to move the feed shelf from a location adjacentto the lower feed support surface of the feed trough; and wherein thefeed shelf movement assembly is actuatable by the feeding animal whileconsuming feed from the lower feed support surface of the feed trough tomove the feed shelf in the longitudinal direction of the feederapparatus without requiring a feeding animal to directly contact thefeed shelf.
 12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the feed shelfmovement assembly comprises at least one actuator movable with respectto the feed trough, the actuator extending through the lower feeddischarge opening of the feed hopper so that movement of the actuatormoves feed in the interior of the hopper and through the feed shelftoward the lower feed support surface of the feed trough.
 13. Theapparatus of claim 12 wherein the at least one actuator is movablymounted on the feed hopper.
 14. The apparatus of claim 11 additionallycomprising a feed sweeper assembly configured to move feed positioned onthe upper feed support surface of the feed shelf.
 15. The apparatus ofclaim 14 wherein the feed sweeper assembly comprises a sweeper plateresting upon the feed shelf and slidable on the upper feed supportsurface of the feed shelf.
 16. The apparatus of claim 15 wherein aportion of the feed shelf movement assembly extends through the sweeperplate to move the sweeper plate when the feed shelf movement assembly isactuated.